Durham Castle

The castle sits high on a rocky peninsula above the River Wear, commanding Durham's skyline like it owns the place - which, technically, it did for about nine centuries. You're looking at a proper Norman fortress, all crenellated walls and stone keeps, built by a bishop to defend his territory against Scottish raids. It's the sort of place that rewards a scramble up the winding streets from the cathedral precinct because the views across the city and down to the river are genuinely worth the effort.

Inside, you'll find a mix of medieval rooms and later additions - the castle's been lived in, not just preserved under glass. History buffs will spend a good couple of hours poking around the keep and the residential chambers. Families with younger children might find it a bit austere; there's not loads to do beyond walking the walls and imagining medieval life. Photographers should time a visit for late afternoon when the stone catches the light properly.

The castle doubles as Durham University accommodation during term time, which affects access and opening patterns. Check ahead before you visit - it's not free to enter, though admission is modest. You can easily combine a castle visit with the cathedral right next door and a stroll through the riverside parks. If you're camped at Durham Grange or Grove Farm, you're within striking distance for an evening wander up. Allow a solid hour inside, longer if you're genuinely interested in Norman architecture. It's less about being spectacular and more about genuinely understanding how medieval power was exercised in northern England.